ok - bullet pointing for ease
Geforce - gaming version of nvidia gpu range, the quadro is basically the same hardware multiplied in cost by 5 but given more support from nvidia and 'professional' software, basically it's what they aim at 'professionals'.... in the real world you'll be fine with geforce in all but a very few select instances of 3D software because most now use direct x on windows. Has propriety cuda and opencl support with better performance usually from cuda when software supports using the gpu for processing data (think things like after effects, 3d rendering). Personally I go for nvidia as the add on software I use in 3D (vray for example) currently has better performance when using cuda over opencl.
Radeon - ATI gaming gpu range, they used to have fire pro as their 'professional' but this has just be renamed to radeon pro, basically it's the same situation as nvidia in that it's the same general hardware just with better support from ATI and software venders. Again realistically you'd be fine with a radeon in the software you're listing. Only supports opencl for gpu processing.
VRAM - the amount of memory on your gpu, the reason I said get a 6GB or more card is more to do with future proofing than anything, if you start getting into using software that utilises opencl or cuda most only utilise the memory on the gpu and as such more is better. The 256MB is literally 1/24 of the amount I'm suggesting, you can go with less but the more the better in the general sense.
TFT - your monitor (assuming using a flat one like on a laptop)
IPS & TN are panel types used in tft displays, TN has worse colour accuracy than IPS (there are others like PVA too but IPS is pretty easy to find) but faster response rates so is more aimed at gaming, IPS is aimed at graphics etc due to their colour accuracy.
Most of the laptops you mentioned should be fine with running most of the software you mentioned, personally though I'd pick the dell when it eventually gets updated with a gtx 10xx gpu like on the xotic msi ge 72vr which uses a 1060 with 6GB vram.
You might also want to consider the microsoft surface (i5 with 8GB ram model or higher) due to it have the stylus etc, it won't be a gaming machine like the laptops but you'd be surprised how much more natural drawing with a stylus on a screen is versus a wacom tablet for example.
I'm also going to suggest you take a look at Krita, it's free and also mishief as alternatives you may not have considered for software